Chapter 15: Middle Ages (Chart/Questions)

Sophie's Chart:

Middle Ages

Main Ideas:

The school system was He located the Platonic ideas in God

The Middle Ages was a unifying force of Christian culture

Many were preoccupied with the problem of evil.

Quotations to Remember:

He located the Platonic ideas in God and in that way preserved the

Platonic view of eternal ideas page 174

Connections

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Questions:

1. St. Augustine believed that all human history was a constant struggle between what?

2. what was Western Europe characterized by/

3. According to Alberto's analogy of the clock, at what time did the Middle Ages begin?

4. When did North Africa and the Middle East become Islamic?

5. Thomas Aquinas believed that philosophy and theology often say the same things?

6. "Evil is the absence of God. Who said that?

7. Whose writing did St. Thomas Aquinas Christianize?

Chapter 15: Middle Ages page 162

Notes:

• Sophie gets a postcard that read "Hilde Moller Knag, c/o Sophie Amundsen
• Then Alberto Knox called Sophie on the phone. page 164
• Alberto Knox told her there will be no more letters.
• Sophie meets him at a church.
• From the year 380 Christianity was the official religion throughout the entire Roman Empire page 167
• In 395 the Roman Empire was divided in two- a western Empire with Rome as its center, and an Eastern Empire with the new city of Constantinople as its capital.
• 529 the year when church closed Plato's Academy in Athens.
• The Middle Ages actually means the period between two other epochs. (distinctive period of time)
• The school system, for instance was developed in the Middle Ages.
• The first centuries after year 400 really were a cultural decline.
• Christianity gradually became the predominant philosophy of the life.
• Therefore we usually speak of Middle ages as being a unifying force of Christian culture.
• The point is that at the end of the Middle ages, all three streams came together in Northern Italy.

It was an ancient Christian and Jewish belief that God was not only a man. He also had a female side, mother nature. Women too, are In Greek in God's likeness. In Greek, this female side of God is called Sophia "means wisdom"

Chapter 14: Two Cultures page 147

Notes:

The Indo-Europeans

By Indo- European we mean all the nations and cultures that use Indo- European languages.

Polytheism:

The Indo- Europeans sought "insight" into the history of the world.

The Semites page 150

the semites originated in the Arabian Peninsula, but they also migrated to different parts of the world.
All three Western Religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share a semitic background.

Isreal page 153

It all began when God created the world.

Man's disobedience to God were anointed by the people. They thus received the title Messiah, which means "the anointed one. "

Jesus page 155

This "savior" was thus looked upon as a national deliverer who would put an end to the suffering of the Jews under Roman domination.

So along come Jesus of Nazareth

But here is a very important point: Jesus distinguished himself from the other "messiahs" by stating clearly that he was not a military or political rebel.

His mission was much greater. He preached salvation and God's forgiveness for everyone.

Paul page 157

Paul: "And if Christ be not risen, then is our preaching vain and your faith is also vain.

The Creed page 160

God/ Jesus/ Holy Spirit

Postscript page 160

As Christianity makes it entry into the Greco-Roman world we are witnessing a dramatic meeting of two cultures.

Speech Topics! (8th Grade) Homework

SPEECH TOPICS:
1. My hobby and pet peeves.

2. Free time activities that you can recommend.

3. What brands or products are popular in this school and why?

4. Unusual experiences in the last year.

5. Outdoor activities, and indoor activities on a rainy day.

6. Why we are no longer kids.

7. Suggestions for a fun weekend.

8. Animation characters and their voices.

9. Antarctica research of penguins.

10. Aviation pioneers.

11. Celebrities, actors and actresses.

12. Computer games.

13. Flying discs trics.

14. Foreign flags and their story.

15. Reasons to abandon grounding.

16. Rodeo riding: how to survive more than 30 seconds.

17. Strange world records.

18. Skateboarding tips and trics.

19. Greyhound racing.

20. The world would be a better place if ...

21. Environmental problems.

22. Fashion in the last century.

23. Pen pals or email pals?

24. My favourite sports game.

25. My checklist for if you move to another town.

26. Kid cooking is cool.

Steve Job's Speech

8th Grade: Click on the link below and watch Steve Job's speech then write a summary over his summary in your notebooks. Remember this is 4th Quarter!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UF8uR6Z6KLc

Chapter 13: The Postcards pg. 138

Chapter 13: The Postcards

On Wednesday, the day before May 17th, a national holiday in Norway, Joanna convinces Sophie they should go camping. Sophie convinces her friend to go to the major's cabin, and inside it they find postcards. All of them are postmarked from Lebanon and addressed to Hilde, care of Alberto. They are all from her father, and the last one tells Hilde to be prepared to meet Sophie, who will probably begin to figure things out. It also mentions Joanna. It is postmarked May 16th. The two girls are very scared, and Sophie takes the mirror back with her. The next morning she finds a new package.

Questions:

1. Why wasn't Sophie in school?

2. What did Sophie tell her mother she was going to do?

3. What did Sophie really want to do?

4. When Sophie and Joanna arrived at the Major's Cabin what did they find?

5. Why was Joanna and Sophie scared?

6. What were some of the things they told from the cabin?

7. Who do you think Hilde is and why are they apart of each other lives without knowing each other.

Chapter 12: Hellenism

Chapter 12: Hellenism page 126

• Aristotle near the end of fourth century B.C. right up to the middle Ages around A.D. 400.

• Notice that we can now write both B.C. and A.D. because Christianity was in fact one of the most important , and most mysterious, factor of the period.

• This marked the beginning of a new epoch in the history of mankind. A civilization sprang up in which the Greek culture and language played a leading.

• This period, which lasted for about 300 years, is known as Hellenism page 126

• The term Hellenism refers to both the period of time and the Greek- dominated culture that prevailed in the three Hellenistic kingdoms of Macedonia, Syria, and Egypt.

• Religion, Philosophy and Science page 127

• Syncretism: the attempted reconciliation or union of different or opposing principles, practices, or parties, as in philosophy or religion.

• But as the borders became erased many people began to experience doubt and uncertainty about their philosophy of life.

• The main emphasis was on finding out what true happiness was and how it could be achieved. We are going to look at four of these philosophical trends.

• The Cynics page 129

One day Socrates stood gazing at a stall that sold all kinds of wares. Finally he said, “What a lot of things I don’t need!”
This statement could be the motto for the cynic school of philosophy, founded by Antisthenes in Athens around 400 B.C.
The cynic emphasized that true happiness is not found in external advantages such as material luxury, political power, or good health.

***True happiness lies in not being dependent on such random and fleeting things. Page 129
The story of Diogenes: lived in a barrel and owned nothing but a cloak, a stick, and a bread bag. Page 129

The Stoics page 129
• Stoic School founder was Zeno
• The name “Stoic” comes from the Greek word for portico (stoa).
• Stoicism: repression of emotion and indifference to pleasure or pain. Page 130
• Monism: the notion of a single element as primary determinant of behavior, social action, or institutional relations.
• “Stoic Calm” about someone who does not let his feeling take over page 131

The Epicureans page 131
• Aristippus “The highest good is pleasure, “ he said. The greatest evil is pain.
• Founded a school of philosophy and his followers were called Epicureans.
• Example of chocolate and “side effects page 131
• Unlike animals we are able to plan our lives.
• Chocolate is good, but a new bike or a trip to England is better.
• Live for the moment!

Neoplatonism page 133
• Plotinus believed that the world is a span between two poles. At one end is the divine light which he calls the one (God) At the other end is absolute darkness.

Mysticism page 135
A mysticism experience of merging with god or the “cosmic spirit”

WESTERN MYSTICISM: Judaism, Christianity and Islam