Chapter Questions: - Is there a basic substance that everything else is made of? (Discuss)
- Has soomething always existed?
- How many realities are there and what are the perceptual mechanisms by which we know this?
- What causes change?
- Define Rationalism:
Chapter Notes:
1. Sophie's mother finds a letter for her in the mailbox. Her mother thinkd its a love letter.
2. Philosopher's Project page 32
Woman were subjugated both as females and as thinking beings.
3. The Natural Philosophers: The earlist Greek philosophers are sometimes called NATURAL PHILOSOPHERS because they were mainly concerned with nautral world and its processes.
4. The Greeks marveled at how live fish could come from water. page 33
5. Natural philosophers took the first step in the direction of scientific reasoning. page 33
6. Three Philosophers from MILETUS:
Thales= wateras source of life
Anaximander= Divine Matter- infinite
Anaximenes= Air as the source of life
7. Nothing can come from nothing:
Three Milesian philosophers all believed in the existence of a single basic substance as the source of all things.
8. the most important philosophers was Parmendides.
Parmendides thought that everything that exists has always existed. That idea was not alien to the Greeks. Nothing could become anything other than it was. page 36
9. "I will believe it when I see it" page 36
10. Four Basic Elements:
Parmendies said:
a) that nothing can change
b) that our sensory perceptions must therefore be unreliable
Heraditus said
a) that everything changes
b) that our sensory perceptions are reliable
Sophie decided that philosophy was not something you can learn but perhaps something you can llearn to think philosophically. page 42
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